Mae proses gynhyrchu cydrannau parod oriel pibell gynhwysfawr o dan y ddaear yn fanwl
Yn gyntaf, y lleoliadau lleoliad
Safle wedi'i baratoi
1. Dewisir y safle yn ôl sefyllfa wirioneddol y prosiect. Mae'r safle yn mabwysiadu rheolaeth gaeedig i sefydlu mewnforio ac allforio, ac mae'r ffordd fynediad adeiladu yn cael ei gadw yn yr ardal cynllunio safle, ac mae arwyddion amrywiol yn cael eu hongian wrth fewnforio ac allforio yn ôl y rheoliadau.
2. Bydd gosodiad y safle parod yn unol â gofynion y ffatri safonol, yn bodloni gofynion y system rheoli iechyd a diogelwch galwedigaethol a rheolaeth amgylcheddol a chyfarwyddiadau gweithredu HSE, ac yn sefydlu amrywiol gyfleusterau diogelu'r amgylchedd diogelwch. Bydd yn llawn offer i fodloni gofynion cynhyrchu diogel a gwâr, rhyddhau carthffosiaeth a gwaredu sbwriel. Yn gaeth yn unol â darpariaethau perthnasol adrannau llywodraeth leol.
3. Glanhewch y safle parod, lefelu, dirgrynu a chywasgu, gan osod sylfaen macadam sefydlogedig sment 20cm o drwch, ysgafnhau a dirgrynu a chywasgu. Bydd prif ffordd y planhigyn yn arllwys concrid masnachol C20 15cm o drwch ar y sylfaen macadam sefydlogedig sment. , ardal osod, parod, ardal gynhyrchu, ardal leoliad cadwraeth naturiol oriel bibell integredig arllwys 10cmC20 concrit masnachol. Yn y safle codi rheilffyrdd craen gantri, mae'r dyfnder cloddio yn 60cm, a chodir y concrit a gosodir y trac. Hefyd, gwnewch y tri pheth hyn:
(1) Mae angen glanhau a symud y safle, gan gynnwys safleoedd parod, cysylltu gwregysau gwaith adeiladu a ffyrdd trafnidiaeth presennol, a darnau mewn safleoedd parod.
(2) Yn y safle parod, dylai'r cerrig, y chwyn, y coed, y strwythurau, ac ati sy'n effeithio ar y darn neu'r gwaith adeiladu o'r peiriannau adeiladu gael eu glanhau, dylid symud y ffos a'r grib, a'r ardaloedd isel a dylai dŵr cronedig gael ei ddraenio a'i lenwi, os oes angen, ei newid. Llenwch, gwarantwch yn llawn gwastadedd y ddaear a'r gallu llwythog a chywasgu.
(3) Rhaid cynnal glanhau a lefelu safleoedd cyn-ffabrig i arbed caffael tir neu feddiannu tir, dim rhwystr traffig, dim difrod i adeiladau, cyfleusterau, henebion, ac ati, i atal llygredd amgylcheddol ac erydiad pridd.
4. Gweddnewid yr ardal brosesu a gosod y bar dur, ardal haenu cynhyrchiad parodi oriel pibell integredig, sied cadwraeth naturiol, oriel bibell integredig, ardal storio orielau bibell integredig ac ardaloedd swyddogaethol eraill. Mae'r ardal swyddfa a'r ardal fyw yn cael eu gosod yn ôl y sefyllfa wirioneddol, ac mae'r fynedfa i'r maes parod a'r allanfa wedi'i sefydlu fel ystafell warchod. Yn ail, y broses gynhyrchu
Siart llif y broses gynhyrchu
1. Atgyfnerthu deunyddiau adeiladu peirianyddol sy'n mynd i mewn i'r safle, archwilio samplu, prosesu dur, rhwymo bar dur, gosodiad.
(1) Arolygu ymagwedd atgyfnerthu a. Mae Rebar yn bar dur graddfa HPB300 graddfa boeth a bar dur graddol HRB400. Mae cryfder safonol y bar dur yn bodloni gofynion 4.2.2 o GB50010-2010. Mae'r bar dur asgwrn yn cydymffurfio â'r dur ar gyfer concrit wedi'i atgyfnerthu: Rhan II: Bariau dur rhubog sy'n rholio poeth (GB1499.2-2007); Mae bariau dur ysgafn yn bodloni gofynion dur ar gyfer concrid wedi'i atgyfnerthu: Rhan I: Bariau dur rhyfog sy'n rholio poeth (GB1499.1-2008). Mae'r plât dur yn cael ei wneud o ddur Q235-B, mae'r dur gradd electrod weldio HPB300 wedi'i weldio gydag electrod math E43, ac mae dur gradd HRB400 wedi'i weldio gydag electrod math E55. b. Cyn i'r dur fynd i'r safle, edrychwch ar yr amrywiaeth, gradd, manyleb, nifer a rhestr ddeunyddiau yn unol â'r gofynion, boed y dystysgrif ansawdd cynnyrch, yr adroddiad arolygu ffatri a'r adroddiad ailarolygiad yn gyflawn ac yn ddilys. Rhaid i'r prawf eiddo mecanyddol fod yn unol â'r safonau perthnasol. c. Cyn i'r dur fynd i mewn i'r cae a chyn ei ddefnyddio, edrychwch ar ansawdd ymddangosiad y bar dur, boed yn syth, dim difrod, dim cynhwysiad slag ar yr wyneb, croen trwm, crac, staen olew, gwenith grwn neu hen rwd, lliw unffurf , gweld diamedr y bar dur Cwrdd â'r gofynion, er mwyn peidio â effeithio ar gryfder y perfformiad dur ac angori. Caiff platiau dur, gwiail weldio, ac ati eu harolygu gyda'r eitemau archwilio bar dur cyn mynd i mewn i'r safle.
(2) Storio bariau dur a. Mae'r bariau dur sy'n mynd i mewn i'r safle yn cael eu storio yn yr ardal storio bar dur yn ôl yr amrywiaeth, y fanyleb a'r radd. Mae'r deunyddiau yn cael eu storio gan y staff deunydd a'r ceidwaid. Mae'n ofynnol bod y bar dur yn cael ei orchuddio â pad i atal rhwd. b. Gwiriwch a oes gan y bar dur y dystysgrif ffatri a'r adroddiad arolygu ffatri a'r adroddiad ailarolygiad. Gwiriwch ansawdd y golwg a'r diamedr cynrychioliadol cyfaint. Rhaid archwilio'r bar dur yn gynhwysfawr am ei mynegai ansawdd. Yn ôl yr archwiliad swp, mae'r diamedr a'r gwyriad pwysau yr un fath â'r un ffatri, yr un rhif ffwrnais, yr un fanyleb, yr un broses gynhyrchu, a'r bar dur 60 tunnell sy'n mynd i'r un safle adeiladu ar yr un pryd. llawer o arolygu, llai na 60 tunnell. Hefyd, fel llawer o brawf, gwnewch samplu tystio. Rhaid i'r peiriannydd goruchwylio samplu bariau dur. Rhaid cymryd dau far dur i gymryd dau ddarnau prawf, a phob un ohonynt â hyd o tua 450 mm, a dau ddarnau prawf oer o uchder gyda hyd o oddeutu 350 mm, a osodwyd yn y blwch prawf, ac wedyn yn cael eu goruchwylio ar gyfer selio neu fonitro yr ystafell brawf. Os yw canlyniad yr adroddiad ail-archwilio yn ddiamod, rhaid ei samplo a'i ail-brofi yn ddwbl. Bydd canlyniadau'r adroddiad ail-arholiad yn gymwys, a rhaid i'r peiriannydd goruchwylio proffesiynol lofnodi'r gymeradwyaeth, a gellir defnyddio'r swp o fariau dur wrth brosesu. Rhaid storio a storio deunyddiau eraill trwy insiwleiddio lleithder.
(3) Prosesu rebar Cyn prosesu, yn ôl y manylebau dylunio a hyd a maint, ynghyd â thechnegau prosesu gwahanol, caiff hyd pob rebar ei bennu trwy gyfrifo i sicrhau cywirdeb. Yn ystod prosesu, gwiriwch a oes unrhyw wallau neu hepgoriad yn y bwrdd plaenu. Gwiriwch y tabl deunydd ar gyfer pob math o bar dur. Ar ôl y ddau archwiliad hyn, pwyswch y bwrdd deunyddiau i ryddhau'r sampl go iawn. Ar ôl i'r cynhyrchiad prawf gael ei gymhwyso, gellir ei brosesu mewn cypiau. Dylid barcio bariau dur da yn daclus ac yn drefnus. Dylai arwyneb y bar dur fod yn lân, a rhaid glanhau'r saim, y baw a'r rhwd cyn ei ddefnyddio. Mae'r bariau dur wedi'u sythu a'u sychu'n fecanyddol. Ni fydd y bariau dur ar ôl sythu yn cael eu plygu'n blygu, yn marw neu'n tonnau bach. Dylai'r torri dur bario fod yn seiliedig ar rif y bar dur, y diamedr, ei hyd a'i faint. Dylid torri hyd a hyd y bar dur a dylid torri'r deunydd byr yn gyntaf, a dylid lleihau'r pen dur byr a'i fyrhau cymaint ag y bo modd i arbed dur a lleihau'r golled. Pan fydd y bar dur yn cael ei bentio, bydd y rhwystr yn penderfynu ar y pwynt plygu ac yn pennu'r ongl blygu yn seiliedig ar gryfder ail-gryno pob bar dur. Cyn y blygu ffurfiol, bydd y bariau dur sydd wedi'u plygu mewn symiau mawr yn destun plygu treialon a bydd y data technegol perthnasol yn cael ei bennu cyn plygu'r swp. Ar ôl i'r bar dur gael ei blygu, mae'r arc yn ffurfio arc. Ar ôl y blygu, nid yw'r maint yn fwy na'r maint llethu. Dylid ystyried y gwerth addasu plygu. Nid yw diamedr D plygu'r bar dur plygu a'r blygu o'r rhan ganol yn llai na 5 gwaith y diamedr y bar dur. Dylid ystyried hyd y bar dur yn gynhwysfawr yn ôl maint yr elfen, trwch yr haen amddiffynnol, a gwerth addasiad blygu'r bar dur. Ni ddylai gwyriad caniataol prosesu bar dur fod yn fwy na'r fanyleb. Ar gyfer bariau dur â deunydd gorffenedig annigonol, defnyddir y dull weldio pwysau ar y cyd â gorsedd i droi'r hyd troed ac yna'n blygu. Mae'n rhaid i'r welder bwt gael ei hyfforddi mewn proses weldio butt arbennig a'i samplu i'w harchwilio. Ar ôl i'r gwahanol fariau dur gael eu ffurfio, ni fydd y gwyriad caniataol yn fwy na'r fanyleb: bydd hyd llawn asennau'r rym yn ± 10 mm; rhaid i gwyriad hyd pob rhan o'r cyffuriau fod yn ± 5 mm; rhaid i wyro'r asennau plygu fod yn ± 20 mm o'r aelod, cyfaint mawr Mae'r concrit yn ± 30mm; mae gwyriad y gornel ddur yn 3mm; mae'r asen grwn 6 ~ 12mm wedi'i wneud yn y droed, ac mae hyd y bachyn olaf 75 ~ 105mm yn ôl diamedr y brif asen. Penderfynir ar y cyfrifiad penodol cyn y blanced, mae'r bariau dur wedi'u prosesu yn cael eu dosbarthu a'u storio, ac mae'r bariau dur a ffurfiwyd yn cael eu hatal rhag cael eu dadffurfio wrth storio a chludo.
Ffurfwaith dur sgerbwd (dur wedi'i atgyfnerthu)
Anawsterau: Yr anhawster wrth wneud prif asennau'r bibell uchaf petryal yw'r asenen asen allanol. Mae pob cylch yn cynnwys pedair bar dur gyda dau arcs, gan ffurfio cylch gorchudd pibell pen pencampwlaidd. Mae radiws yr arc yn rhy fach, mae'r segment arc crom yn fyr, ac mae'r manwl yn uchel. . Ateb: Cyn i'r bariau dur gael eu plygu, nodwch hwy wrth groesffordd pob arc. Yna, mae'r arc gradd R90 wedi'i blygu gan blygu tri-rolio, ac nid yw'r segment llinell syth wedi'i blygu. Ar ôl i'r arc gael ei blygu'n llawn, caiff ei roi ar yr arolygiad meistr safonol. Ar ôl bodloni'r gofynion, gwneir y marc sefyllfa symudiad olwyn symudol ar y llwyfan gweithredu peiriant plygu ar gyfer y cynhyrchiad cyflym nesaf. Mae angen i'r peiriant plygu tair-rolio gael swyddogaeth jog a chefn. (4) Gwirio bar dur Mae'r bar dur wedi'i ffurfio ar yr offer gwaith weldio bar dur yn ôl y lluniau adeiladu ar gyfer weldio. Mae'r ansawdd weldio yn rhan bwysig i sicrhau cryfder cyffredinol y bar dur. Yn y ffatri prosesu bar dur, mae'r bariau dur yn cael eu glanhau'n bennaf gan weldio ffugau fflach ddwy ochr i lanhau'r byrri cornel a'r rwd wyneb, staen olew a ffilm ocsid cyn cael ei weldio, a bod y lustrad metel yn cael ei amlygu gan malu, a nid oes ffenomen ocsideiddio. Ar yr un pryd, dylai wyneb wyneb y bar dur gael ei fflatio i hwyluso cyfuniad da. Dylai'r gosodiadau ar y ddwy ochr gael eu halinio i sicrhau bod y ddau far dur ar yr un echel, ac nid yw clirio lleol y ddau far dur yn fwy na 3 mm. Dylai'r pwysau a ddefnyddiwyd yn ystod y weldio fod yn unffurf ac yn gryf, a dylid rheoli'r tymheredd ar 30-40 MPa yn dibynnu ar ddiamedr y bar dur i sicrhau cydlyniad da rhwng y ddau far dur. Pan fydd bariau dur o wahanol diamedrau yn cael eu weldio, ni fydd y gwyriad yn fwy na 7mm. Mae weldio butt a weldio spot yn gwbl unol â'r rheoliadau, ac mae'r personél weldio yn cael eu hardystio i weithio. Ar ôl cwblhau'r weldio, bydd y cyd yn cael ei newid o wyn i ddu i ryddhau'r clamp, a bydd y bar dur yn cael ei dynnu'n esmwyth er mwyn osgoi plygu. Ar ôl cwblhau'r weldio o'r bariau dur, bydd yr archwiliad ymddangosiad o'r cymalau weldio yn cael ei wneud mewn pryd, a rhaid ail-weldi'r cymalau sy'n methu'r arolygiad gweledol. Rhaid i bob gweithredydd weldio sicrhau bod pob math o beiriant weldio mewn cyflwr da, yn meistroli prif berfformiad a pharamedrau gwahanol beiriannau weldio mewn pryd, a dewis y paramedrau gorau ar gyfer gweithrediad gwirioneddol yn unol ag amodau'r metel sylfaen a'r tywydd i sicrhau yr ansawdd weldio. . (5) Dylid ail-gasglu cewyll dur wedi'i atgyfnerthu cyn manyleb, maint, siâp, maint, offer gosod, ac ati, a dylid cynnal archwiliad cynhwysfawr yn ôl y lluniau dylunio a'r rhestr cynhwysion. Gellir cyfateb y dyluniad, y rhestr gynhwysion a'r gwrthrych ffisegol. Diogelwch. Cyn i'r system gael ei osod, trefnir yr atgyfnerthiad ar y llwyfan offer lleoli yn ôl y data dylunio. Ar yr un pryd, yn ôl y lleoliad, penderfynir gosod yr atgyfnerthu sefydlog i sicrhau bod y bariau dur ar ôl y gosodiad yn bodloni'r gofynion. Yn y broses o ddiogelwch, mae'r bariau dur yn cael eu gwneud yn bennaf gan rwymo gwifren a weldio spot. Gwneir y tyllau o 20 ~ 22 # gwifren. Mae'r dull rhwymo a rhwymo yn unol â'r manylebau a'r rheoliadau. Defnyddir weldio sbot yn bennaf ar gyfer ffurfio bariau dur a bariau sefydlog. Y gosodiad, dylai'r weldio fan a'r lle fod yn gadarn, dylai'r pwyntiau gael eu dosbarthu'n gyfartal, ac ni ddylid niweidio'r asennau'r heddlu yn ddifrifol. Rhaid i gydwedd lashing y bar dur fodloni'r gofynion canlynol: a. Ni fydd diwedd y lap yn llai na 10 gwaith diamedr y bar dur ar blygu'r bar dur, ac ni chaiff y cyd ei leoli ar y funud blygu uchaf o'r gydran. b. Yn y parth tensiwn, bydd diwedd y cyd-lashing dur gradd I-radd yn cael ei wneud yn bachau. Yn yr un adran, rhaid i'r ardal drawsdoriadol o gyd-barth y parth tensiwn fod yn llai na 50% o gyfanswm arwynebedd y cyd-rym sy'n derbyn yr heddlu, ac ni fydd y cyd-lansio yn fwy na 50%. Ddim yn fwy na 25%, ar yr un pryd, ni ddylai'r cymalau lashing fod yn fwy na 50% yn y parth cywasgu. c. Cymalau atgyfnerthiedig, wedi'u clymu â gwifren yn y ganolfan ac ar y ddau ben. d. Mae swyddi ar y cyd yr asennau dan straen yn cael eu rhychwantu oddi wrth ei gilydd. Dylai hyd lap y cymalau a atgyfnerthwyd â dur tensedig gyfarfod â'r gofynion dylunio strwythurol. Dylai'r cymalau dur weldio a'r cymalau mecanyddol gael eu gosod ar yr eiliad blygu lleiaf ac yn weddill. e. Pan fydd diamedr y bar dur dan straen yn ≥25mm, ni ddylid ei ddefnyddio i ddefnyddio cyd-lashing heb ei weldio. f. Dylai trwch haen amddiffynnol concrit y bar dur dan straen fodloni'r gofynion dylunio strwythurol. Er mwyn sicrhau lleoliad cywir y bar dur, caiff ei glymu a'i osod yn ôl y gofynion dylunio. g. Yn y broses rwymo'r cawell atgyfnerthu, mae un bibell ΦPVC wedi'i gladdu ymlaen llaw ar bedair ochr y cyd, Φ14mm, pennir hyd y bibell PVC yn ôl trwch wal ceg y cyd, a'r PVC cyn-ennill defnyddir bibell fel y twll arolygu a'r twll pigiad. Gosodir y tyllau codi o 500mm uwchben ac islaw echelin ganolog ochr chwith ac dde'r oriel bibell integredig. Mae dwy bibell ddur Φ125 * 10mm * 220mm wedi'u weldio i'r ffrâm dur, a defnyddir plât dur Φ140 * 4 ar gyfer selio. Mae'r bibell ddur Φ125 * 10mm * 180mm wedi'i osod cyn ei godi. Defnyddir pin haearn Φ110mm * 350mm fel y glust croen pibell integredig i gwrdd ag adeiladu'r oriel bibell integredig. Mae gwaith dur wedi'i atgyfnerthu yn brosiectau cuddiedig. Cyn arllwys concrid, dylid archwilio a derbyn y bariau dur a'r rhannau gwreiddio, a dylid gwneud y cofnodion peirianyddol cudd. Ar ôl i'r peirianwyr goruchwylio ar y safle gytuno, gellir cynnal y broses nesaf.
Cynulliad llwydni dur
Y dull mwyaf effeithlon ar gyfer proses y cynulliad ddylai fod: yn cefnogi'r llwydni mewnol gyntaf, dylid toddi asenau cysylltiad y coler ddur yn gyntaf ac yna eu gosod yn y llwydni isaf, a dylai'r asennau cysylltu â ffonau dur leinin y soced gael eu hadeiladu ar ôl y dur rhoddir ffrâm i'r mowld, ac mae'r bariau dur yn cael eu weldio. Ar ôl i'r sgerbwd gael ei roi i'r mowld, mae'r twll grouting, y twll grouting a'r plât dur cyn-wreiddio wedi'u weldio. Ar ôl y weldio, mae'r mowld allanol wedi'i ymgynnull. Er mwyn atal sefyllfa'r twll codi rhag bod yn anghywir, mae'r twll codi wedi'i osod ar y mowld allanol, ac mae'r mowld allanol wedi'i ymgynnull ac yna mae'r soced weldio wedi'i baratoi ymlaen llaw. Cylch dur wedi'i gludo. (6) Haen amddiffynnol wedi'i atgyfnerthu Mae'r haen warchod o goncrid wedi'i wneud o bloc concrid, mae'r trwch yn hafal i drwch yr haen amddiffynnol a ddyluniwyd, maint y bloc yw 3cm × 3cm, mae'r rhif pad yn fwy na chryfder morter C25, a'r cryfhau yn cael ei gryfhau wrth gynhyrchu i gyflawni cryfder dylunio. Gellir defnyddio 85% o'r uchod. Pan gaiff ei ddefnyddio yn y strwythur fertigol, gellir claddu'r llinell 20 rhwymo yn y bloc, ac mae'r bloc wedi'i glymu i'r bar dur gyda'r wifren. Mae haen isaf y plât gwaelod a'r haen atgyfnerthu wal yn cael eu gosod fesul metr sgwâr fesul metr sgwâr, a threfnir y blodau plwm. Dylid amgryptio gofod y padiau yn gywir. Trefnwch y blociau yn rhesymol, a'u clymu'n dynn ar y bariau dur pwysleisio, yn hytrach na'u gosod ar y tendonau sydd heb eu straen, dylai'r gosodiad fod yn gadarn i atal dadleoli a llithriad yn ystod y broses arllwys; a yw'r blociau'n cael eu harolygu'n llawn cyn arllwys concrit Wedi'i golli neu ei ddifrodi. 2. Arllwys Concrid (1) Deunydd Concrid Caiff cludiant concrete ei gludo i'r safle parod gan dancer concrid, a'i bwmpio i mewn i'r warws gan drac pwmp concrid. Yn gyffredinol, rheolir y gostyngiad o goncrid rhwng 140 a 180 mm (mae'r gwerth penodol yn dibynnu ar dymheredd y dydd). 4 gwialen sy'n dirgrynu concrid â radiws dirgrynu o 20-25cm, felly mae'r gofod rhwng pob gwialen yn 40cm. Mae pob dyfnder gwialen o fewn 5cm islaw'r wyneb dirgrynu blaenorol, ac mae'r amser dirgrynu fesul gwialen yn 2-3 munud. (2) Dylunio a phrofi cymhareb cymysgu a. Dyluniad cymhareb cymysgu Er mwyn bodloni gofynion cryfder dylunio concrid, gwrthsefyll rhew, anhydronedd, cyfradd ehangu agregau tywod ac ymarferadwyedd adeiladu, y prawf optimization cymhareb cymysgedd adeiladu cymysg Ar yr un pryd, mae'n bodloni gofynion cymhareb dw r-sment adeiladu a cholli, ac fe'i hadolygir a'i gymeradwyo gan y peiriannydd goruchwylio. Dylai'r gymhareb cymysgedd o goncrid sicrhau bod y concrit a geir yn gallu bodloni'r amodau arllwys penodol, ac mae'r defnydd o ddŵr yn y gymhareb cymysgedd concrid mor fach â phosib. b. Cynllun prawf cymhareb cymhareb cymysgedd cymysgedd cymhareb cymysgedd concrete, gan gynnwys prawf cymhareb cymysgedd concrid a phrawf perfformiad concrid o wahanol raddau cryfder, prawf cymhareb cyfuno 14d cyn y cynhwysion profi cymhareb amrywiol gymysgedd a chymysgu, mowldio a chynnal a chadw, ac ati. Y cynllun cymhareb cymhareb cymysgedd yn cael ei adrodd i'r peiriannydd goruchwylio. c. Rheoli cymhareb cymysgedd adeiladu Yn ôl y prawf cymhareb cymysgedd a'r rhestr swp a gymeradwyir gan y peiriannydd goruchwylio, caiff y gymhareb gymysgedd concrid ei reoli, a chyfanswm y defnydd o ddŵr yn cael ei addasu yn ôl cynnwys dwr yr agreg. Penderfynir ar slumpiad concrid gan natur y rhan adeileddol, cyfradd yr atgyfnerthiad, y dull cludiant a castio concrid, a'r amodau hinsoddol, ac mae'n defnyddio toriad bach cymaint â phosib. Mae cwymp concrid yn bodloni gofynion SL677-2014. (3) Prawf samplu concrit Yn ystod y broses arllwys concrid, rhaid i'r contractwr gynnal prawf samplu concrid ar y safle agor ac arllwys rhyddhau yn unol â darpariaethau SL352-2006 a chyfarwyddiadau'r goruchwyliwr, a chyflwyno'r deunyddiau canlynol i'r goruchwyliwr : a. A thystysgrif ansawdd ei oriel bibell integredig; b. Cyfansoddiad, cymysgu a dimensiynau'r darn prawf; c. Disgrifiad o baratoi a chynnal y darn prawf; d. Canlyniadau profion a disgrifiad; e. Concrid o wahanol oedran Data prawf megis dwysedd swmp, cryfder cywasgu, cryfder tensile, gwerth trawiadol yn y pen draw, modwswl elastig, cymhareb Poisson, slump a gosodiad cychwynnol ac amser gosod terfynol. (4) Concrete arllwys a. Dylai'r gymhareb cymysgedd o goncrid masnachol fodloni gofynion "Manyleb Ddylunio ar gyfer Cymhlethdod Concrete Hydrolig DL / T5330-2005", a defnyddio asiant sy'n lleihau sment a dŵr gydag amser gosod cychwynnol cymharol gynnar a chynnydd cryfder cynnar ar ôl y lleoliad terfynol. Dylai amrywiol ychwanegion megis asiant ymyrraeth aer ac asiant cryfder cynnar ystyried y pellter hir o gludiant concrid, cynyddu cryfder cynnar concrid, lleihau'r amser o ddymchwel, lleihau'r cyfnod adeiladu, ac yn enwedig datrys y twf araf o gryfder concrid yn ystod y gaeaf . Rhaid rheoli'r broblem gyda'r safle yn erbyn 140-180mm. b. Ar ôl gosod y bariau mowld a dur a'u cymhwyso gan y technegwyr ar gyfer arolygu a goruchwylio ansawdd, a'u cadarnhau, gall yr oriel bibell integredig gael ei dywallt. Mae uchder y twll yn 2m neu fwy uwchben y ddaear, ac mae'r gostyngiad yn 2m neu lai. Mae'r gasgen llinyn meddal wedi'i osod yn y geg i sicrhau bod gan y concrid uchder syrthio llai na 2m. c. Rhaid i'r concrit twnnel pibell concrid fabwysiadu'r dull castio cymesur i ystyried na ddylai uchder yr ymyl fod yn fwy na 40cm, ac ni ddylai'r gwaith adeiladu trwy ddull castio parhaus fod yn rhy bell. d. Mae concrid yn cael ei dywallt mewn haenau, mewn cyfeiriad penodol, a gyda thres penodol. Mae'r concrit yn haenog yn llorweddol ac mae'r trwch haen yn 30-40 cm. e. Mae crebachu yn defnyddio gwialen sy'n diddymu ymlediad, nid yw'r pellter symudol yn fwy na 1.5 gwaith radiws gweithredu'r bar sy'n dirgrynu, ac yn cynnal pellter o 5 i 10 cm o'r mowld ochr. Rhowch yr haen isaf o goncrit o 5 i 10 cm wrth ddirgrynnu, ac yn cynnig yn raddol y bar dirgrynu ar ôl pob dirgryniad. Peidiwch â diddymu'r ffurflenni, bariau dur, ac ati yn ystod dirgryniad; ar gyfer pob rhan o ddirgryniad, rhaid ei osgoi nes bod y concrid wedi'i gywasgu, hynny yw, mae'r concrid yn atal suddo, nid oes swigod yn ymddangos, ac mae'r wyneb yn fflat a llaid. Yn ystod y broses arllwys, dylid trefnu pob math o waith i wirio newidiadau bariau dur, cromfachau a stensiliau, a dylid delio â'r sefyllfa mewn pryd. 3, cynnal a chadw cylfert bocs a demoulding
Cylfat bocs wedi'i baratoi ymlaen llaw
(1) Ar ôl i'r concrid gael ei dywallt, ar ôl gosod y concrid i ddechrau, caiff yr oriel bibell integredig ei stemio ar dymheredd uchel. Mae'r steamio yn mabwysiadu gorchudd stemio wedi'i addasu, ac mae'r llwydni oriel bibell integredig wedi'i orchuddio â gorchudd stemio, ac mae gwaelod y clawr stêmio wedi'i selio i atal stêm rhag cael ei ryddhau yn ystod y broses stêmio. Mae'r boeleri stemio wedi'i stemio ar gyfer y cyfleuster stêmio sy'n gyfeillgar i'r amgylchedd. cefnogaeth. Yn y broses o stemio, caiff ei rannu'n bedwar cam: stop sefydlog, cynhesu, tymheredd cyson ac oeri. Yn ystod y stop sefydlog, dylid cadw'r tymheredd amgylchynol o dan 5 ° C, a dylid rheoli'r tymheredd o fewn 15 ° C / h. Tymheredd cyson: Pan fydd y tymheredd yn cyrraedd 60 ° C, gellir stopio'r steamio ar ôl pedair awr o stemio tymheredd cyson. Oeri: Mae cyfradd oeri yr oriel bibell integredig yn y sied stamio yn llai na 10 ° C / h, ac nid yw tymheredd yr oriel bibell integredig yn fwy na 5 ° C, fel bod modd symud yr oriel bibell integredig o y clawr stemio. Yn ystod y broses stêmio, trefnir personél arbennig i reoli'r cynnydd mewn tymheredd a chwympo yn effeithiol a chofnodi'n fanwl. Yn gyntaf, ar ôl i'r oriel bibell integredig gael ei dywallt a'i stopio am 2 awr, mae'r oriel bibell integredig wedi'i osod i ddechrau ac nid oes gan yr arolygiad unrhyw annormaledd. Mae'r clawr a chyfarpar stêmio yn cael eu symud i'r ardal gynhyrchu parod, ac mae'r oriel bibell integredig wedi'i sefydlu gyda'r clawr stêm. Wedi'i selio'n gaeth, edrychwch ar gyflwr selio offer stêmio a gorchuddio stemio a dadfygio'r offer stêmio. Wedi'r holl baratoadau ar waith, dechreuwch yr offer stêmio i gynhesu, a thalu sylw i reoli'r gyfradd wresogi o fewn 15 ° C / h yn ystod y broses wresogi. . Gwaherddir gwres i fyny yn rhy gyflym neu'n rhy araf, a fydd yn effeithio ar gryfder cywasgu a pherfformiad yr oriel bibell integredig. Pan fydd y tymheredd yn cyrraedd 60 ° C, dechreuir y stemio tymheredd cyson. Ar ôl y tymheredd cyson yn stemio am bedair awr, gellir stopio'r stemio. Ar ôl gorffen y stemio tymheredd cyson, mae'r oriel bibell integredig yn cael ei oeri a'i gynnal yn y sied stêmio, ac mae'r gyfradd oeri wedi'i reoli'n llym. O fewn 10 ° C / h, mae'r tymheredd yn disgyn i dymheredd wyneb yr oriel bibell integredig ac nid yw'r tymheredd amgylchynol yn fwy na 5 ° C, gellir dileu'r clawr stêmio, ac mae'r oriel bibell integredig wedi'i ddymchwel a'i symud i gadwraeth naturiol sied ar gyfer cadwraeth naturiol. (2) Ar ôl i'r stêm gael ei chwblhau, bydd yr oriel pibellau a chynllun cynnal a chadw sied naturiol yn cyrraedd 50% o gryfder y dyluniad ac ni all y gwahaniaeth tymheredd rhwng y tu mewn a'r tu allan i'r clawr stêm fod yn fwy na 5 ° C ar ôl i chi stopio y stemio am awr. llwydni. Mae'r gorchymyn datgelu o'r tu mewn i'r tu allan, o'r brig i'r gwaelod. Yn y broses o ddatgymalu, dylid ei ddileu fesul cam mewn trefn, mae'r mowld yn cael ei dynnu, mae'r oriel bibell integredig parod a'r mowld isaf yn cael eu tynnu o'r mowld gan y craen gantry, a'i gludo i'r sied cadwraeth naturiol dynodedig ar gyfer naturiol dyfrio. Mae'n cael ei wahardd yn llym i ddefnyddio'r barbar i daro'r stensil dan y templed yn ystod y broses demoulding. Ar ôl i'r gwaith cynnal a chadw naturiol gyrraedd 75% o gryfder y dyluniad, bydd yr oriel bibell integredig yn cael ei symud o'r sied cadwraeth naturiol ar gyfer gwrthdroi. (3) Cynllun plygu a gosod yr oriel bibell Ar ôl cwblhau'r arllwysiad concrid, mae cryfder y dyluniad yn 50% ac ar ôl i'r stêm gael ei stopio am awr, ni all y gwahaniaeth tymheredd rhwng y tu mewn a'r tu allan i'r sied stêmio fod yn fwy na 5 ° C, a gellir dymchwel y llwydni. Mae'r gorchymyn datgelu o'r tu mewn i'r tu allan, o'r brig i'r gwaelod. Yn y broses o ddatgymalu, dylid ei symud fesul cam mewn trefn. Ar ôl i'r mowld gael ei dynnu, mae'r cynnyrch parod a'r llwydni isaf yn cael eu codi o'r mowld a'u cludo i'r ardal gadwraeth naturiol ddynodedig ar gyfer dyfrio naturiol. Mae'n cael ei wahardd yn llym i ddefnyddio'r barbar i daro'r stensil dan y templed yn ystod y broses demoulding. Gwarchodir rhannau onglog y cysylltiad â rhaffau gwifren neu wifren gan pad, sy'n ysgafn ac yn ysgafn yn ystod y broses codi, ac mae pob gweithred yn cael ei gyfarwyddo gan berson arbennig. Ar ôl i gryfder y cynnyrch gyrraedd 75% o gryfder y dyluniad, trosglwyddir y cynnyrch i'r ardal gadwraeth naturiol gorffenedig. Symudwch y cynnyrch allan o'r hambwrdd yn ystod cludiant a throwch y cynnyrch. Er mwyn hwyluso storio'r cynnyrch, caiff cynnyrch gwreiddiol y cynnyrch ei drosglwyddo i waelod y llawr, ac mae uchder storio cynnyrch dwy haen. 4, safonau profi dŵr caeedig
Siart llif arolygu dŵr caeëdig
(1) Chwistrelliad dŵr yn yr oriel bibell integredig Cyn y pigiad dŵr, mae'r bloc oriel bibell integredig wedi'i selio a'i selio. Ar ôl pasio'r arolygiad, caiff dŵr ei chwistrellu i'r oriel bibell integredig. Caiff y dŵr ei chwistrellu o ben isaf yr oriel bibell integredig. Ar ôl i'r dŵr gael ei lenwi, mae wal fewnol yr oriel bibell integredig a'r deunydd rhyngwyneb yn cael ei amsugno'n llwyr, ac nid yw'r amser crwydro yn llai na'r hyd a bennir yn y fanyleb. (2) Prawf a. Ar ôl i'r sied bibell gynhwysfawr gydymffurfio â'r gofynion, rhaid cynnal y prawf. Bydd y pen prawf 2 m uwchben uchaf yr oriel bibell integredig. Os yw'r uchder o frig yr oriel bibell integredig i fyny'r afon i'r porthladd arolygu yn llai na 2m, yn ôl yr uned safonol "ardystio safonol arolygu a derbyn safon safonol y dŵr peirianneg dinesig i" r blaen i gwrdd â gofynion adeiladu. b. Dechrau amseriad pan fydd pen y prawf yn cyrraedd y lefel benodol, yn arsylwi gollyngiadau'r oriel bibell integredig tan ddiwedd yr arsylwi. Ar yr adeg hon, dylai'r dŵr gael ei gyflenwi'n barhaus i'r oriel bibell integredig i gadw'r pen prawf yn gyson, ac nid yw amser gweld y dwrfan yn llai na 30 munud. c. Cyfrifwch y daflen mesur fesul dŵr yn ôl y fformiwla ganlynol: q = W / TL lle q yw'r mesuriad mesur dŵr [L / (min.m)]; W - faint o ddŵr (L); T - amser arsylwi (min) L - hyd diwedd y tiwb prawf (m). c. Ar ôl cwblhau'r oriel bibell integredig, rhaid hysbysu'r trydydd parti arolygu a'r goruchwyliaeth ar y safle a ddynodir gan Blaid A mewn pryd i gynnal prawf dŵr caeedig o'r system oriel bibell integredig. Ar ôl i'r prawf gael ei gwblhau, bydd y parti adeiladu daearwaith yn cyflawni ôl-lenwi ffos oriel bibell integredig. (3) Pwyntiau gwirio a. Rhaid i'r oriel bibell integredig gael ei harolygu yn ôl adran; b. Mae ansawdd ymddangosiad yr oriel bibell integredig a'r arolygiad yn dda wedi bod yn gymwys, ac nid oes unrhyw ollyngiadau dŵr a dim dwr difrifol yn gymwys; c. Amsugno ar ôl llenwi'r dŵr yn yr oriel bibell integredig Ni fydd amser trochi y bibell goncrid wedi'i atgyfnerthu yn llai na'r hyd a bennir yn y fanyleb; d. Rhaid cynnal yr oriel bibell gynhwysfawr ar brawf dŵr ar y safle i fesur y swm gwirioneddol a'r cyfrifiad maes, a llenwi'r ffurflenni perthnasol fel cofnod derbyn cudd. (4) Hysbysiad o brawf dΣr caeedig Nid yw rhan caeedig yr adran dwr caeedig yn ddwys, ac yn aml mae'n cael ei esgeuluso oherwydd ei fod yn y ffynnon. Os defnyddir y wal friciau ar gyfer selio, dylid rhoi sylw i'r pwyntiau canlynol: Dylai'r boen fod yn 0.5 cyn y rhwystr Mae wal fewnol y bibell yn yr ystod m yn cael ei lanhau, mae'r pure sment wedi'i baentio, a'r brics a ddefnyddir yn cael eu gwlychu i'w defnyddio. Dylai'r morter maen fod yn llai na M7.5 ac mae ganddyn nhw gysondeb da. Ni fydd y morter sment ar gyfer cydosod a phlastro yn llai na M15. Pan fydd diamedr y bibell yn fawr, dylai'r arwynebau mewnol ac allanol fod yn fach a dim ond y cyd-ochr allanol neu'r wyneb y dylid ei ddefnyddio. Dylai'r arwyneb gael ei gymhwyso mewn dull adeiladu 5 haen gwrth-ddŵr. Pan fydd amodau'n caniatáu, gellir ei selio cyn arolygu'r ffynhonnau i sicrhau ansawdd. Dylid archwilio'r twll dwr rhagosodedig ar waelod fewnol y tiwb ar gyfer draenio a phrofi. (5) Trin y dwr yn yr oriel bibell integredig Mae'r prawf dŵr caeedig yn arolygiad cynhwysfawr o adeiladu oriel bibell integredig ac ansawdd y deunyddiau. In the event of leakage, the leaks should be marked first and carefully treated after draining the water in the integrated pipe gallery. After the treatment, the test is repeated, and the process is repeated until the water is closed. Third, the material quality: 1, steel; the use of tensile strength is not lower than HRB400 three-stage threaded steel or hot-rolled, cold-rolled ribbed steel, steel properties should meet the requirements of GB1499.2, GB13788, GB1499.1. 2, cement; should use Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, can also use sulfate-resistant Portland cement, fast-hardening cement. Cement performance should meet the requirements of GB175 and GB748 respectively. 3, aggregate; fine aggregate should use medium coarse sand, fineness modulus 2.3~3.3, mud content is not more than 2%; the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of wall thickness of reinforced concrete box culvert, It shall not be greater than 3/4 of the net spacing of the hoop reinforcing bars, the mud content is ≤1%, the stone powder content is ≤5%, the needle-like particle content is ≤10%, and the porosity is ≤45%. 4. Admixtures and admixtures; concrete may not have harmful effects on box culverts when admixtures and admixtures are added. Should comply with the provisions of GB8076. When adding the sodium and polycarboxylate water reducing agent, the amount of addition should be determined after the test; the amount of FDN-2 superplasticizer is 0.75%~1%. The polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent should be based on The amount of dilution of the mother agent is determined. 5. Water: Concrete mixing water should meet the requirements of JGJ63. 4. Box culvert standard: 1. Appearance quality inspection is as follows: (1) The inner and outer surfaces of the box should be dense, smooth and clean, free from cracks, honeycombs, pockmarks, pores, sinks, exposed sand, exposed stones, exposed pulp and sticky skin. . (2) The end face of the socket should be clean and free of angles. Cracks, exposed ribs, etc. are not densely realized. The groove of the adhesive strip of the socket should be smooth and smooth, the grain is clear, and there should be no sticking of floating pulp and debris. (3) The inner and outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates should be flat and free from local unevenness. (4) The sidewall pre-embedded screws should be firm, the silk path should be smooth and neatly arranged. (5) The tension hole should be smooth, the aperture is consistent, and there is no skew deviation.
2, product size deviation (1) steel frame: height ± 5mm, length ± 5mm, width ± 3mm, reinforced bar ± 5mm, steel bar diameter ± 0.1mm (2) box culvert: height ± 5mm, length ± 2mm, width ±2mm, socket depth ±1mm, socket length ±1mm, wall thickness ±1mm. (3) Box culvert parameter concrete 28d compressive strength C45/, demoulding strength requirement reaches 20Mpa, impermeability When P6 is reached, the freezing and thawing reaches F100, the external pressure crack load reaches 85kn/m, and the failure load reaches 120kn/m. First, the venue settings
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Prefabricated site
1. The site is selected according to the actual situation of the project. The site adopts closed management to set up import and export, and the construction access road is reserved in the site planning area, and various signs are hanged at the import and export according to regulations. 2. The layout of the prefabrication site shall be in strict accordance with the requirements of the standard factory, meet the requirements of occupational health and safety and environmental management system and HSE operation instructions, and set up various safety environment protection facilities. It shall be fully equipped to meet the requirements of safe and civilized production, sewage discharge and garbage disposal. Strictly in accordance with the relevant provisions of local government departments. 3. Clean the prefabricated site, leveling, vibrating and compacting, laying a 20cm thick cement stabilized macadam base, smoothing and vibrating and compacting. The main road of the plant will pour 15cm thick C20 commercial concrete on the cement stabilized macadam base. , installation area, prefabrication, production area, integrated pipe gallery natural conservation placement area pouring 10cmC20 commercial concrete. In the gantry crane rail erection position, the excavation depth is 60cm, and the concrete is poured and the track is laid. We must also do these three things: (1) The site needs to be cleaned and leveled, including prefabricated sites, connecting construction work belts and existing transportation roads, and passages in prefabricated sites. (2) In the prefabricated site, the stones, weeds, trees, structures, etc. that affect the passage or construction work of the construction machinery should be cleaned up, the ditch and the ridge should be leveled, and the low-lying areas with accumulated water should be drained and filled, if necessary, changed. Fill in, fully guarantee the flatness of the ground and the load-bearing and compressive capacity. (3) Pre-fabrication site cleaning and leveling shall be carried out to save land acquisition or land occupation, no traffic obstruction, no damage to buildings, facilities, monuments, etc., to prevent environmental pollution and soil erosion. 4. Prefabrication of the steel bar processing and installation area, integrated pipe gallery prefabrication production steaming area, integrated pipe gallery natural conservation shed, integrated pipe gallery storage area and other functional areas. The office area and living area are set according to the actual situation, and the prefabricated field entrance and exit is set up as a guard room. Second, the production process
Production process flow chart
1. Reinforcement engineering construction materials entering the site, sampling inspection, steel processing, steel bar binding, installation. (1) Reinforcement approach inspection a. Rebar is hot-rolled HPB300 grade steel and hot-rolled HRB400 grade steel bar. The standard strength of steel bar meets the requirements of 4.2.2 of GB50010-2010. The ribbed steel bar complies with the steel for reinforced concrete: Part II: Hot-rolled ribbed steel bars (GB1499.2-2007); light-round steel bars meet the requirements of steel for reinforced concrete: Part I: Hot-rolled ribbed steel bars (GB1499.1-2008). The steel plate is made of Q235-B steel, the welding electrode HPB300 grade steel is welded with E43 type electrode, and the HRB400 grade steel is welded with E55 type electrode. b. Before the steel enters the site, check the variety, grade, specification, quantity and material list in strict accordance with the requirements, whether the product quality certificate, the factory inspection report and the re-inspection report are complete and valid. The mechanical properties test must be in accordance with the relevant standards. c. Before the steel enters the field and before use, check the appearance quality of the steel bar, whether it is straight, no damage, no slag inclusion on the surface, heavy skin, crack, oil stain, granular or flake old rust, uniform color, view the diameter of the steel bar Meet the requirements, so as not to affect the strength of the steel and anchoring performance. Steel plates, welding rods, etc. are inspected with the steel bar inspection items before entering the site. (2) Storage of steel bars a. The steel bars entering the site are stored in the steel bar storage area according to the variety, specification and grade. The materials are stored by the material staff and the custodians. The steel bar is required to be covered with a pad to prevent rust. b. Check whether the steel bar has the factory certificate and the factory inspection report and the re-inspection report. Check the appearance quality and the volume representative diameter. The steel bar must be inspected comprehensively for its quality index. According to the batch inspection, the diameter and weight deviation are the same as the same factory, the same furnace number, the same specification, the same production process, and the 60-ton steel bar entering the same construction site at the same time is an inspection lot, less than 60 tons. Also as a test lot, carry out witnessed sampling. Sampling of steel bars shall be carried out by the supervising engineer. Two steel bars shall be taken to take two tensile test pieces, each with a length of about 450 mm, and two cold-bent test pieces with a length of about 350 mm, placed in the test box, and then supervised for sealing or monitoring the test room. If the result of the re-examination report is unqualified, it shall be double-sampled and re-tested. The results of the re-examination report shall be qualified, and the professional supervision engineer shall sign the approval, and the batch of steel bars may be used in processing. Storage and storage of other materials shall be carried out by means of moisture insulation. (3) Rebar processing Before processing, according to the design specifications and length and quantity, combined with different processing techniques, the length of each rebar is determined by calculation to ensure accuracy. During processing, check whether there is any error or omission in the blanking table. Check the material table for each type of steel bar. After these two inspections, press the material table to release the real sample. After the trial production is qualified, it can be processed in batches. Good steel bars should be stacked neatly and orderly. The surface of the steel bar should be clean, and the grease, dirt and rust must be cleaned before use. The steel bars are straightened and mechanically straightened. The steel bars after straightening shall not have local bending, dead bends or small waves. The steel bar cutting should be based on the steel bar number, diameter, length and quantity. The length and length of the steel bar should be broken and the short material should be broken first, and the short steel head should be reduced and shortened as much as possible to save steel and reduce loss. When the steel bar is bent, stake out determines the bending point and determines the bending angle based on the rebound strength of each steel bar. Before the formal bending, the steel bars that have been bent in large quantities will be subjected to trial bending and the relevant technical data will be determined before batch bending. After the steel bar is bent, the arc forms an arc. After the bending, the size is not larger than the blanking size. The bending adjustment value should be considered. The bending diameter D of the bent steel bar and the bend of the middle part is not less than 5 times the diameter of the steel bar. The length of the steel bar should be considered comprehensively according to the size of the component, the thickness of the protective layer, and the adjustment value of the bending of the steel bar. The allowable deviation of steel bar processing shall not exceed the specification. For steel bars with insufficient finished material, the butt joint pressure welding method is used to butt the foot length and then bend. The butt welder must be trained in a special butt welding process and sampled for inspection. After the various steel bars are formed, the allowable deviation shall not exceed the specification: the full length of the force ribs shall be ±10 mm; the deviation of the length of each part of the stirrups shall be ±5 mm; the deviation of the bent ribs shall be ±20 mm of the member, large volume The concrete is ±30mm; the deviation of the steel corner is 3mm; the 6~12mm round rib is made into the stirrup, and the length of the end hook is 75~105mm according to the diameter of the main rib. The specific calculation before the blanking is determined, the processed steel bars are classified and stored, and the formed steel bars are prevented from being deformed during storage and transportation.
Braided skeleton (reinforced steel) steel formwork
Difficulties: The difficulty in making the main ribs of the rectangular top pipe is the outer rib main rib. Each ring consists of four steel bars with two arcs each forming a rectangular top pipe rebar ring. The radius of the arc is too small, the curved arc segment is short, and the precision is high. . Solution: Before the steel bars are bent, mark them at the intersection of each arc. Then, the R90 degree arc is bent by three-roll bending, and the straight line segment is not bent. After the arc is fully bent, it is placed on the standard master inspection. After the requirements are met, the moving wheel movement position mark is made on the bending machine operating platform for the next quick production. The three-roll bending machine needs to have the function of jog and reverse. (4) Steel bar welding The formed steel bar is placed on the steel bar welding work tool according to the construction drawings for welding. The welding quality is an important part to ensure the overall strength of the steel bar. In the steel bar processing factory, the steel bars are mainly cleaned by double-sided flash butt welding to clean the corner burrs and the end face rust, oil stains and oxide film before being welded, and the metal luster is exposed by grinding, and there is no oxidation phenomenon. At the same time, the end face of the steel bar should be flattened to facilitate a good combination. The fixtures on both sides should be aligned to ensure that the two steel bars are on the same axis, and the local clearance of the two steel bars is not more than 3 mm. The pressure applied during the welding should be uniform and strong, and the temperature should be controlled at 30-40 MPa depending on the diameter of the steel bar to achieve good adhesion between the two steel bars. When the steel bars of different diameters are butt welded, the deviation shall not exceed 7mm. Butt welding and spot welding are strictly in accordance with the regulations, and the welding personnel are certified to work. After the welding is completed, the joint will be changed from white to black to release the clamp, and the steel bar will be taken out smoothly to avoid bending. After the welding of the steel bars is completed, the appearance inspection of the welded joints shall be carried out in time, and the joints that fail the visual inspection shall be re-welded. All welding operators must ensure that all types of welding machines are in good working condition, master the main performance and parameters of various welding machines in time, and select the best parameters for actual operation according to the conditions of the base metal and weather to ensure the welding quality. . (5) Reinforced steel cages should be re-calibrated before specification, size, shape, quantity, positioning tooling, etc., and comprehensive inspection should be carried out according to the design drawings and ingredient list. The design, ingredient list and physical object can be matched. Security. Before the system is installed, the reinforcement is arranged on the positioning tooling platform according to the design data. At the same time, according to the location, the setting of the standing reinforcement is determined to ensure that the steel bars after the installation meet the requirements. In the process of security, the steel bars are mainly made by wire binding and spot welding. The holes are made of 20~22# wire. The method of binding and binding is in accordance with the specifications and regulations. Spot welding is mainly used for forming steel bars and standing bars. The fixing, the spot welding should be firm, the points should be evenly distributed, and the force ribs should not be seriously damaged. The lashing joint of the steel bar shall meet the following requirements: a. The end of the lap length shall be not less than 10 times the diameter of the steel bar at the bend of the steel bar, and the joint shall not be located at the maximum bending moment of the component. b. In the tension zone, the end of the I-grade steel lashing joint shall be made into a hook. In the same section, the cross-sectional area of the joint of the tension zone shall be less than 50% of the total area of the force-receiving joint, and the lashing joint shall not be more than 50%. Not more than 25%, at the same time, the lashing joints must not exceed 50% in the compression zone. c. Reinforced joints, tied with wire at the center and at both ends. d. The joint positions of the stressed ribs are staggered from each other. The lap length of the tensioned steel reinforced joints should meet the structural design requirements. The welded steel joints and mechanical joints should be placed at the minimum bending moment and staggered. e. When the diameter of the stressed steel bar is ≥25mm, it is not advisable to use a non-welded lashing joint. f. The thickness of the concrete protective layer of the stressed steel bar should meet the structural design requirements. In order to ensure the correct position of the steel bar, it is tied and installed according to the design requirements. g. In the reinforcement cage binding process, one ΦPVC pipe is pre-buried on the four sides of the joint, Φ14mm, the length of the PVC pipe is determined according to the wall thickness of the mouth of the joint, and the pre-embedded PVC pipe is used as the inspection hole and the injection hole. The lifting holes are installed at 500mm above and below the central axis of the left and right sides of the integrated pipe gallery. Two Φ125*10mm*220mm steel pipes are welded to the steel frame, and Φ140*4 steel plate is used for sealing. The Φ125*10mm*180mm steel pipe is installed before lifting. Φ110mm*350mm iron pin is used as the integrated pipe hanger ear to meet the hoisting construction of the integrated pipe gallery. Reinforced steel works are concealed projects. Before pouring concrete, the steel bars and embedded parts should be inspected and accepted, and the hidden engineering records should be made. After the on-site supervision engineers agree, the next process can be carried out.
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Steel mold assembly
The most efficient method for the assembly process should be: first support the inner mold, the steel collar connection ribs should be welded first and then placed in the bottom mold, and the lining steel ring connecting ribs of the socket should be welded after the steel frame is put into the mold, and the steel bars are welded. After the skeleton is put into the mold, the grouting hole, the grouting hole and the pre-embedded steel plate are welded. After the welding, the outer mold is assembled. In order to prevent the position of the lifting hole from being inaccurate, the lifting hole is fixed on the outer mold, and the outer mold is assembled and then the welding socket is pre-prepared. Buried steel ring. (6) Reinforced protective layer The protective layer of concrete is made of concrete block, the thickness is equal to the thickness of the designed protective layer, the block size is 3cm×3cm, the pad number is more than C25 mortar strength, and the curing is strengthened during production to achieve design strength. 85% of the above can be used. When used in the vertical structure, the 20# binding line can be buried in the block, and the block is tied to the steel bar with the wire. The bottom layer of the bottom plate and the wall reinforcement layer are placed one square meter per square meter, and the plum blossoms are arranged. The spacing of the pads should be properly encrypted. Reasonably arrange the blocks, and tie them tightly on the stressed steel bars, instead of being placed on the non-stressed tendons, the fixing should be firm to prevent displacement and slippage during the pouring process; whether the blocks are fully inspected before concrete pouring Missing or damaged. 2. Concrete pouring (1) Concrete material Concrete transportation is transported to the prefabricated site by concrete tanker, and pumped into the warehouse by concrete pump truck. The slump of concrete is generally controlled between 140 and 180 mm (the specific value depends on the temperature of the day). 4 concrete vibrating rods with a vibrating radius of 20-25cm, so the spacing between each rod is 40cm. Each rod depth is within 5cm below the previous vibrating surface, and the vibrating time per rod is 2-3 minutes. (2) Mixing ratio design and test a. Mixing ratio design To meet the requirements of concrete design strength, frost resistance, impermeability, sand aggregate expansion rate and construction workability, the concrete construction mix ratio optimization test At the same time, it meets the requirements of construction water-cement ratio and slump, and is reviewed and approved by the supervision engineer. The mix ratio of concrete should ensure that the concrete obtained can meet the specific pouring conditions, and the water consumption in the concrete mix ratio is as small as possible. b. Concrete mix ratio test concrete mix ratio test plan, including concrete mix ratio test and concrete performance test of different strength grades, blending ratio test 14d ahead of the various mix ratio test ingredients and mixing, molding and maintenance, etc. The mix ratio test plan is reported to the supervision engineer. c. Construction mix ratio control According to the mix ratio test and the batch list approved by the supervision engineer, the concrete mix ratio is controlled, and the total water consumption is adjusted according to the water content of the aggregate. Concrete slump is determined by the nature of the structural part, the rate of reinforcement, the concrete transport and casting method, and the climatic conditions, and uses a small slump as much as possible. Concrete slump meets the requirements of SL677-2014. (3) Concrete sampling test During the concrete pouring process, the contractor shall carry out concrete sampling test at the discharge opening and pouring site according to the provisions of SL352-2006 and the instructions of the supervisor, and submit the following materials to the supervisor: a. And the quality certificate of its integrated pipe gallery; b. The composition, mixing and dimensions of the test piece; c. Description of the preparation and maintenance of the test piece; d. Test results and description; e. Concrete of various ages Test data such as bulk density, compressive strength, tensile strength, ultimate tensile value, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, slump and initial setting and final setting time. (4) Concrete pouring a. The mix ratio of commercial concrete should meet the requirements of DL/T5330-2005 "Design Specification for Hydraulic Concrete Mixing Ratio", and use cement and water reducing agent with relatively early initial setting time and early strength increase after final setting. Various additives such as air entraining agent and early strength agent should consider the long distance of concrete transportation, increase the early strength of concrete, reduce the time of demoulding, shorten the construction period, and especially solve the slow growth of concrete strength during winter construction. The problem with the site concrete slump is to be controlled at 140-180mm. b. After the mold and steel bars have been installed and qualified by the technicians for quality inspection and supervision, and confirmed, the integrated pipe gallery can be poured. The height of the hole is 2m or more above the ground, and the drop is 2m or less. The soft string barrel is set at the mouth to ensure that the concrete has a falling height of less than 2m. c. The concrete pipe tunnel concrete shall adopt the symmetric casting method to consider that the height of the edge should not exceed 40cm, and the construction by continuous casting method should not be intermittent. d. Concrete is poured in layers, in a certain direction, and with a certain thickness. The concrete is horizontally layered and the layer thickness is 30-40 cm. e. Vibrating uses a plug-in vibrating rod, the moving distance does not exceed 1.5 times the radius of action of the vibrating bar, and maintains a distance of 5 to 10 cm from the side mold. Insert the lower layer of concrete 5 to 10 cm when vibrating, and slowly propose the vibrating bar after each vibration. Avoid vibrating the formwork, steel bars, etc. during vibration; for each vibration part, it must be oscillated until the concrete is compacted, that is, the concrete stops sinking, no bubbles appear, and the surface is flat and muddy. During the pouring process, each work type should be arranged to check the changes of steel bars, brackets and stencils, and the situation should be dealt with in time. 3, box culvert maintenance and demoulding
Box culvert prefabricated
(1) After the concrete is poured, after the concrete is initially set, the integrated pipe gallery is steamed at a high temperature. The steaming adopts a customized steaming cover, and the integrated pipe gallery mold is covered with a steaming cover, and the bottom of the steaming cover is sealed to prevent steam from being discharged during the steaming process. The steaming boiler is steamed for the environmentally friendly steaming facility. support. In the process of steaming, it is divided into four stages: static stop, warming, constant temperature and cooling. During the static stop, the ambient temperature should be kept below 5 °C, and the temperature rise should be controlled within 15 °C/h. Constant temperature: When the temperature reaches 60 °C, the steaming can be stopped after four hours of constant temperature steaming. Cooling: The cooling rate of the integrated pipe gallery in the steaming shed is less than 10 °C / h, and the surface temperature of the integrated pipe gallery is not more than 5 °C, so that the integrated pipe gallery can be removed from the steaming cover. During the steaming process, special personnel are arranged to effectively control the temperature rise and fall and record in detail. Firstly, after the integrated pipe gallery has been poured and stopped for 2 hours, the integrated pipe gallery has been initially set and the inspection has no abnormality. The steaming cover and equipment are moved to the prefabricated production area, and the integrated pipe gallery has been set up with the steaming cover. Strictly sealed, check the sealing condition of steaming equipment and steaming cover and debug the steaming equipment. After all the preparations are in place, start the steaming equipment to heat up, and pay attention to control the heating rate within 15 °C/h during the heating process. . It is forbidden to heat up too fast or too slow, which will affect the compressive strength and performance of the integrated pipe gallery. When the temperature reaches 60 °C, the constant temperature steaming is started. After the constant temperature steaming for four hours, the steaming can be stopped. After the constant temperature steaming is finished, the integrated pipe gallery is cooled and maintained in the steaming shed, and the cooling rate is strictly controlled. Within 10 °C / h, the temperature drops to the surface temperature of the integrated pipe gallery and the ambient temperature does not exceed 5 °C, the steaming cover can be removed, and the integrated pipe gallery is demolished and moved to a natural conservation shed for natural conservation. (2) After the steaming is completed, the pipe gallery demoulding and natural conservation shed maintenance plan will reach 50% of the design strength and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the steaming cover can not be more than 5 °C after stopping the steaming for one hour. mold. The order of demolding is from the inside out, from top to bottom. In the process of dismantling, it should be removed step by step in order, the mold is removed, the prefabricated integrated pipe gallery and the bottom mold are removed from the mold by the gantry crane, and transported to the designated natural conservation shed for natural watering. It is strictly forbidden to use the crowbar to hit the stencil under the template during the demoulding process. After the natural maintenance reaches 75% of the design strength, the integrated pipe gallery will be removed from the natural conservation shed for reversal. (3) Folding and placing plan of the pipe gallery After the concrete pouring is completed, the design strength is 50% and after the steaming is stopped for one hour, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the steaming shed can not be greater than 5 °C, and the mold can be demolished. The order of demolding is from the inside out, from top to bottom. In the process of dismantling, it should be removed step by step in sequence. After the mold is removed, the prefabricated product and the bottom mold are lifted out of the mold and transported to the designated natural conservation area for natural watering. It is strictly forbidden to use the crowbar to hit the stencil under the template during the demoulding process. The angular parts of the sling or wire rope contact are protected by a pad, which is light and light during the lifting process, and all actions are directed by a special person. After the product strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the product is transferred to the finished natural conservation area. Move the product out of the tray during transport and flip the product. In order to facilitate the storage of the product, the original product of the product is turned over to the bottom of the floor, and the product storage height is two layers. 4, closed water testing standards
Closed water inspection flow chart
(1) Water injection in the integrated pipe gallery Before the water injection, the integrated pipe gallery block is sealed and sealed. After passing the inspection, water is injected into the integrated pipe gallery. The water is injected from the lower end of the integrated pipe gallery. After the water is filled, the inner wall of the integrated pipe gallery and the interface material are fully absorbed, and the soaking time is not less than the length specified in the specification. (2) Test a. After the comprehensive pipe shed is in compliance with the requirements, the test shall be carried out. The test head shall be 2 m above the top of the integrated pipe gallery. If the height from the top of the upstream integrated pipe gallery to the inspection port is less than 2 m, according to the municipal engineering quality inspection and acceptance Standard “closed water test water level to the wellhead to meet construction requirements. b. Start timing when the test head reaches the specified level, observe the leakage of the integrated pipe gallery until the end of the observation. At this time, the water should be continuously supplied to the integrated pipe gallery to keep the test head constant, and the seepage time of the water seepage is not less than 30 minutes. c. Calculate the measured water seepage according to the following formula: q=W/TL where q is the measured water seepage [L/(min.m)]; W——the amount of water (L); T——observation time (min) L - length of the test tube end (m). c. After the completion of the integrated pipe gallery, the third inspection party and the on-site supervision designated by Party A shall be notified in time to carry out the closed water test of the integrated pipe gallery system. After the test is completed, the earthwork construction party shall carry out the backfilling of the integrated pipe gallery trench. (3) Checkpoints a. The integrated pipe gallery must be inspected section by section; b. The appearance quality of the integrated pipe gallery and inspection well has been qualified, and no water leakage and no serious water seepage are qualified; c. Soaking time after filling the water in the integrated pipe gallery The immersion time of the reinforced concrete pipe shall not be less than the length specified in the specification; d. The comprehensive pipe gallery closed water test shall be carried out on site to measure the actual amount and the field calculation, and fill in the relevant forms as a concealed acceptance record. (4) Notice of closed water test The closed section of the closed water section is not dense, and it is often neglected because it is in the well. If the brick wall is used for sealing, the following points should be paid attention to: The nozzle should be 0.5 before the blockage The inner wall of the pipe in the range of m is cleaned, the cement puree is painted, and the bricks used are wetted for use. The masonry mortar should be no less than M7.5 and have a good consistency. The cement mortar for jointing and plastering shall be not less than M15. When the diameter of the pipe is large, the inner and outer sides should be small and only the outer one-side joint or the surface should be used. The surface should be applied in a waterproof 5-layer construction method. When conditions permit, it can be sealed before the inspection of the wells to ensure quality. The preset drain hole should be inspected at the inner bottom of the tube for draining and testing. (5) Treatment of water seepage in integrated pipe gallery The closed water test is a comprehensive inspection of the construction of integrated pipe gallery and the quality of materials. In the event of leakage, the leaks should be marked first and carefully treated after draining the water in the integrated pipe gallery. After the treatment, the test is repeated, and the process is repeated until the water is closed. Third, the material quality: 1, steel; the use of tensile strength is not lower than HRB400 three-stage threaded steel or hot-rolled, cold-rolled ribbed steel, steel properties should meet the requirements of GB1499.2, GB13788, GB1499.1. 2, cement; should use Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, can also use sulfate-resistant Portland cement, fast-hardening cement. Cement performance should meet the requirements of GB175 and GB748 respectively. 3, aggregate; fine aggregate should use medium coarse sand, fineness modulus 2.3~3.3, mud content is not more than 2%; the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of wall thickness of reinforced concrete box culvert, It shall not be greater than 3/4 of the net spacing of the hoop reinforcing bars, the mud content is ≤1%, the stone powder content is ≤5%, the needle-like particle content is ≤10%, and the porosity is ≤45%. 4. Admixtures and admixtures; concrete may not have harmful effects on box culverts when admixtures and admixtures are added. Should comply with the provisions of GB8076. When adding the sodium and polycarboxylate water reducing agent, the amount of addition should be determined after the test; the amount of FDN-2 superplasticizer is 0.75%~1%. The polycarboxylic acid series water reducing agent should be based on The amount of dilution of the mother agent is determined. 5. Water: Concrete mixing water should meet the requirements of JGJ63. 4. Box culvert standard: 1. Appearance quality inspection is as follows: (1) The inner and outer surfaces of the box should be dense, smooth and clean, free from cracks, honeycombs, pockmarks, pores, sinks, exposed sand, exposed stones, exposed pulp and sticky skin. . (2) The end face of the socket should be clean and free of angles. Cracks, exposed ribs, etc. are not densely realized. The groove of the adhesive strip of the socket should be smooth and smooth, the grain is clear, and there should be no sticking of floating pulp and debris. (3) The inner and outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates should be flat and free from local unevenness. (4) The sidewall pre-embedded screws should be firm, the silk path should be smooth and neatly arranged. (5) The tension hole should be smooth, the aperture is consistent, and there is no skew deviation.
2, product size deviation (1) steel frame: height ± 5mm, length ± 5mm, width ± 3mm, reinforced bar ± 5mm, steel bar diameter ± 0.1mm (2) box culvert: height ± 5mm, length ± 2mm, width ±2mm, socket depth ±1mm, socket length ±1mm, wall thickness ±1mm. (3) Box culvert parameter concrete 28d compressive strength C45/, demoulding strength requirement reaches 20Mpa, impermeability When P6 is reached, the freezing and thawing reaches F100, the external pressure crack load reaches 85kn/m, and the failure load reaches 120kn/m.
